Prolog stands for "programmation en logique", and as might be guessed from that comes from France (Alain Colmerauer in Marseille, to be precise). Now Kowalski, who also was an important pioneer in logic programming who collaborated with Colmerauer did work in Edinburgh, but from the horse's mouth:
I have tried to document as best I could our various contributions to that idea in an article published
in CACM, 1988, and more recently in a History of Logic Programming, published in 2014. In
summary, however, it is probably fair to say that my own contributions were mainly philosophical
and Alain’s were more practical. In particular, Alain’s work led in the same summer of 1972 to the
design and implementation of the logic programming language Prolog.
